Yet there are some countries in which substantial minorities think violence against civilians is at least sometimes justified. The survey finds little evidence that attitudes toward violence in the name of Islam are linked to factors such as age, gender or education. Similarly, the survey finds no consistent link between support for enshrining sharia as official law and attitudes toward religiously motivated violence.
In only three of the 15 countries with sufficient samples sizes for analysis — Egypt, Kosovo and Tunisia — are sharia supporters significantly more likely to say suicide bombing and other forms of violence are at least sometimes justified. In Bangladesh, sharia supporters are significantly less likely to hold this view. In a majority of countries surveyed, at least half of Muslims say they are somewhat or very concerned about religious extremism. And on balance, more Muslims are concerned about Islamic than Christian extremist groups.
In all but one of the 36 countries where the question was asked, no more than one-in-five Muslims express worries about Christian extremism, compared with 28 countries where at least that many say they are concerned about Islamic extremist groups. Although many Muslims are concerned about Islamic extremist groups, relatively few think tensions between more and less observant Muslims pose a major problem for their country.
Similarly, most do not see Sunni-Shia hostilities as a major problem. And when asked specifically about relations between Muslims and Christians, majorities in most countries see little hostility between members of the two faiths. In the Middle East and North Africa, a median of one-in-four say tensions between more and less devout Muslims is a pressing issue in their country. Across the seven countries where the question was asked, fewer than four-in-ten Muslims consider tensions between Sunnis and Shias to be a major national problem.
However, levels of concern vary considerably. The survey asked in particular about relations between Muslims and Christians. In nearly all countries, fewer than half of Muslims say that many or most members of either religious group are hostile toward the other group.
Most Muslims around the world express support for democracy, and most say it is a good thing when others are very free to practice their religion. At the same time, many Muslims want religious leaders to have at least some influence in political matters. Given a choice between a leader with a strong hand or a democratic system of government, most Muslims choose democracy.
And of those who share this assessment, overwhelming majorities consider it a good thing. While Muslims widely embrace democracy and religious freedom, many also want religion to play a prominent role in politics. This includes medians of at least a quarter across these three regions who would like to see religious leaders exert a large influence on politics.
Muslims in the other two regions where the question was asked are less comfortable with the merger of politics and faith. And among these, less than one-in-ten think religion should have a large influence. Devout Muslims tend to be more supportive of religious leaders playing a role in politics. In a number of countries, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa but also in Southern and Eastern Europe, Muslims who pray several times a day are more likely than those who pray less frequently to say religious leaders should have at least some influence on political matters.
Most Muslims are comfortable practicing their faith in the contemporary world. Relatively few feel there is an inherent conflict between being religiously devout and living in a modern society, and the prevailing view in most countries surveyed is that there is no inherent conflict between religion and science.
However, most Muslims think Western music, movies and television pose a threat to morality in their country — even though, on a personal level, substantial percentages say they enjoy Western entertainment. Across the six major regions included in the study, most Muslims reject the notion that there is an inherent tension between modern society and leading a religiously devout life.
Across the 23 countries where the question was asked, most Muslims see no inherent conflict between religion and science. Western music, movies and television have become a fixture of contemporary society in many parts of the world. The survey finds that, at a personal level, many Muslims enjoy Western popular culture. Even though many Muslims enjoy Western pop culture, a clear majority of Muslims in most countries surveyed think that Western entertainment harms morality in their country.
And it is not only Muslims who personally dislike Western music, movies and television who feel this way. In , the Pew Research Center conducted its second nationally representative survey of Muslims in the United States. When that survey is compared with the global survey of Muslims, some key differences emerge between U.
Muslims and Muslims in other countries. In general, American Muslims are more at ease in the contemporary world. About six-in-ten Muslims living in the U. Additionally, U. Muslims in the U. In the U. Indeed, when it comes to evolution, U.
Muslims are closer to U. American Muslims are even more likely than Muslims in other countries to firmly reject violence in the name of Islam. For more details on how U. Muslims compare with Muslims worldwide, see Appendix A: U.
These and other findings are discussed in more detail in the remainder of this report, which is divided into seven chapters:. The party chairman in Svedala described Islam as inherently being a political ideology:.
Islamic law covers a lot more of everyday life. And if you have a law that is set by God… I have seen studies that say that about half of Muslims in the West believe that religious law is above democratic manmade law. Why elect someone to make laws if you already have laws that govern important aspects of life? So I do think there is a problem with Islam and democracy.
And maybe sometimes people speak about moderates or reform Islam. But there is one Islam. Sell them as slaves. There is no party consensus around whether Muslims are completely incompatible with Swedish culture or whether a significant number might be able to assimilate, but all agree that the increased rate of Muslim immigration makes integration impossible. It is.
Some Sweden Democrats interviewed were immigrants from Poland and Iran. Another had an Italian immigrant parent. Many insisted that they had immigrant friends and that they were open minded enough to talk to this potentially judgmental American researcher. Almost all argued that the new waves of Muslim refugees could not assimilate because there were simply too many, arriving too fast to possibly integrate into Swedish society.
Given economic realities, many immigrants end up in poor neighborhoods with other immigrants. They feel left out and get into criminality. Yet, at the heart of the assimilation debate is the issue of gender. Across the board, interview subjects felt that certain customs among some Muslims such as gender segregation, marriage practices, and treatment of women was incompatible with something as central to Swedish culture as gender equality.
But if I were to marry, I must convert to Islam. Studies show, however, that more time spent in Sweden is a core factor in increasing labor force participation of female immigrants, though origin country culture does impact their rate.
Some women say they join the Sweden Democrats because they fear rape by Muslim migrants or because they think Islam is a cultural threat to gender equality. In the Klippan town hall, one woman said she joined the party because she wanted her daughters to be strong and independent, citing arranged marriage in certain Muslim cultures that had come to Sweden.
She felt the Sweden Democrats were sexist and leaving women out of power but also not tough enough on immigration by not calling to repatriate migrants. Like many Western countries, swimming pools are mixed-gender in Sweden. She said she pointed out the Swedish norm of not wearing clothes in the sauna for hygienic reasons. And you can do nothing about it. The debate has brought up questions on how to accommodate different cultural practices regarding gender that might conflict with the more progressive, secular status quo.
Swedes are debating if it is appropriate to make religious accommodations like gender-separated swimming in public pools, with those in favor supporting the needs of a multicultural society and those opposing encouraging cultural assimilation. Sweden Democrats do not deny that Europe has historically experienced the movement of people and cultures.
These volumes [of people] are going to change Europe for good. Nobody talked about that. But today, people are questioning a multicultural society. People are questioning what is the dominant culture. One official cited a beer hall cancelling an event reservation once they discovered it was for Sweden Democrats. Many interviewees pointed out that the Sweden Democrats were not invited to participate in a recent national working group on crime in which all the other major parties participated.
That capacity has now been challenged by taking in the most refugees per capita of any European country. As the government moderates its more ambitious and idealistic commitments, what will inspire Swedes as time goes on? What are sources of national pride as they face 21st century challenges of accommodating aging populations, strained welfare systems, and greater ethnic and religious diversity? Interviewees saw themselves as Swedish humanitarians, but by other means.
They expressed they did not hate Muslim refugees and wanted to offer significant aid in their countries of origin. They stressed that they needed to fix their own existing problems before inviting new challenges in the country. This does not mitigate deep prejudices and xenophobia in the ranks of Sweden Democrats. As for Muslim immigrants already in Sweden, they will continue to confront Islamophobia and discrimination as the Sweden Democrats continue to hold up the refugee crisis, its daunting statistics, and visible media spectacle as the epitome of government failure.
Socioeconomic explanations for crime, poverty, or strains on the welfare system can give hope to more progressive voters that there are technocratic solutions, fulfilling their commitment to values of tolerance, equality, justice, charity, and human rights. Yet there are many ways for a society to understand and fulfill these values. Sweden Democrats think these values have not only material and economic dimensions but also cultural ones—inviting uncomfortable conversations about cultural differences which at best can be constructive but at worst can invite ugly racism.
Right now in Sweden, there is a battle between parties to define and own these values. As indicated by these interviewees, the spirit of lagom might not sustain a cohesive national culture especially when other new, competing cultures—nationalist or Muslim—disrupt the status quo whether by Internet or immigration.
The Sweden Democrats themselves are challenging a political status quo and a centrist consensus, by offering something different with new faces. In an age of confirmation bias, where at least some dirt can be found on any political party with just a click, voters can more easily accept overlooking egregious past rhetoric or affiliations.
Many new voters supporting the Sweden Democrats appear to be attracted to this new political alternative as they experience what can feel like new dynamics of immigration, crime, religiosity, lagging social services, or cultural clash. They feel the Sweden Democrats are slowing down the change, instead of hastening it and leaving them behind—not unlike other populist parties in this Brookings series.
Establishment parties risk distancing themselves from average and prospective Sweden Democrats if they downplay the challenges of immigration or dismiss perceptions of social problems in immigrant neighborhoods as purely racist extremism. In turn, Sweden Democrats must take seriously and acknowledge that some of their amplified rhetoric can inspire xenophobia, Islamophobia, and racism which risks turning violent, as it has in other parts of Europe.
Until that happens, if it ever does, there will likely be a near continuous stream of sensational stories about cultural clashes with Muslims, outrageous examples of government welfare injustice, and blistering critiques of mainstream parties and leaders. We always want to push the panic button. After the submarines, I think Europeans really needed to have some proof that something was going well [ With world leaders gathering for the United Nations General Assembly, and with the fallout over the submarine deal still ongoing] there was a need to just lift this irritant.
One less irritant cannot be a bad thing. Islam and Swedish identity Europe, multiculturalism, and the Sweden Democrats Conclusion Introduction Historically, Sweden has been a generous safe haven for refugees. Danielle Lee Tomson Ph. Play Audio. Related Books. Islamic Exceptionalism By Shadi Hamid. Kirsti M.
To illustrate where more extreme right-wing positions have moved politically, two interview participants are former Sweden Democrats who are now in a new right-wing party, the Alternative for Sweden, which formed when youth leadership of the Sweden Democrats broke away.
All other participants except those in the focus group hold some sort of title within local Sweden Democrat party. Interviewees were snowball sampled. Interview subjects are primarily men, but include women and foreign-born Swedes. They represent a variety of professions including teachers, business people, and former taxi drivers. Before joining the Sweden Democrats, none had ever formally been involved in politics.
Interviews were transcribed and thematically coded for analysis. Because of the limited sample size, the author acknowledges the limitations of the study but also offers these insights for future researchers to explore more deeply. Thus having a website is essential for any major organization. Notice, research works, club activities, digital local library etc. On this project we will develop a website for the Department.
On this report almost every details that is necessary has been discussed. Although maximum effort has been given to estimate events and expenses. There are some optional features that can be included or excluded.
ERP software solution costs around BDT and it was excluded taking into account fi a ial e ui e e ts. It will cost around BDT a year. Cost can be minimized in this section, but maintenance has been given priority over cost.
Detailed task list and Gantt charts has been included in the appendix to get clear picture of the project. Every possible disclosures has been made to cover maximum areas of the project. This report can be amended and changes can be made upon request from the stakeholders.
The work will be done by a team with a supervisor from faculty member. So no profit has been added. Only extra charges for different roles has been added. The senior web developer is an experienced person with excellent database handling record. A formal training phase is included in the project to train faculty members and office staffs on how to handle the website. Overall a useful website can be really helpful for the department. Depending on the requirements a website can be made in many different ways.
The elements are given below: A. Code: Code consists of basic coding that is basic element of a website. Whi h will be only accessible if anyone is in the faculty premises and connected to the library Wi-Fi. Hosting: The website need to be placed in a server that is connected to the internet.
Usually large organization have their own server division. ERP: To securely conduct user related registration, payment, authorizations etc. ERP e su es security and reliability.
It also helps reduces hacking related problems. Server Management: If we use only local server the overall cost will reduce but then will need an expert to manage the server.
Forum: A separate webpage where ideas and views on a particular issue can be exchanged. Community: A community web page is where specific content or links are only available to its members. Also an optional ERP software can be used to provide accounts for individual students, faculty members and office staffs.
All the payment, admission procedure of EMBA, event registration etc. All activities related to the purpose are considered to be in scope. All activities not directly related to the purpose are considered to be out of scope.
As the world is adopting cutting edge technologies, internet has become ever popular. A good website is now considered as the reflection of an organization. It will be his task to guide members and execute plans. Proper Resource Management. Do admission and registration procedures. The website also involves a highly demanding user base. As a department of a high ranked public university of Bangladesh, security of the website is a major issue. Fortunately we will be hosting on a dedicated server.
Maintenance of the website is another obstacle. Fortunately we will have a separate server only for us. If any problems occurs we have full control and we can reset it easily from anywhere of the world. A secure online account facility with: a.
Result II. Payments III. Admission 3. Access to local library. Open discussion environment. Online notice. Result publish. Article, journal, research papers etc.
Introduction to the website and its integrated backend systems. Description of administrative tools provided for the website. Troubleshooting guide cum FAQ. Login information for various administrative purposes for the web team. Contact numbers and license information pertaining to third party services acquired for the website.
Although it ill e u i ue o l the outli e of it ill follow web design trends. Also the admission procedures of EMBA that is currently processed via a 3rd party website can be done on the departments own website. Library will have contents like paid books. A sepa ate 13 section will be formed through which sheets, slides and other non-copyrighted Page documents that will be placed on the internet server. Planning done Planning phase of the project is done. Purchase All the equipment, domain and hosting is 35th day bought.
Graphics design approved Graphical design for the website completed 39th day and can be used. Main site completed Main part of the site is completed.
Account and login Accounts and login system is done. Publish All information and necessary documents 94th day are sent to the department Training Training of teachers and staffs are done and th day the site is handed over. It increased the cost by around BDT Also we have to use a Core two duo dedicated server instead a XEON high speed server because of limited funding. Getting sponsor is another risk. We may not get proper sponsor or they can give conditions that are not possible for us to complete.
Extending funding is also a limitation for us. So the project manager and Page project team needs to take things carefully and with their expertise.
Permission b. Stakeholders Identification c. Meeting with Stakeholders d. Team Meeting b. Scope c. Cost Calculation d. Requirements analysis e. Work Breakdown Structure f. Graphic design b. Purchase c. Web Development d. Server setup Estimated Time Required 68 Days 5. Testing b. Roll Out c. Objectives Portfolio of strategic choices 3 Strategy Implementation How we will achieve it? Having a better strategy is more than just necessary.
It is a lea state e t to e follo ed the e e s of the p oje t a d provide where give focus and more effort. Our main objective is to make a good website 2 using advanced new technologies and advanced coding 4. Qualit is ou fi st p io it. Ou team has only 6 members and they are skilled i thei field, so e a a hie e Lo ost a d ette i teg atio ad a tage.
Ma i u suppo t to ea ette se i e with relatively low cost 8. As most of the members are young, they have a better understanding of new advanced technologies and we are looking forward to use those 9. Customers 2. Products 3. Market 4. Technology 5. Profitability 6. Philosophy 7. Self-concept 8. Concern for Public Images 9. Concerns for Employees. To predict we need to use any analytical matrix.
Here we used simple SWOT matrix. As all the members are of same age, lack personnel. Specialized only in Website building. Relatively less experienced team. Better team communication. Use of the latest advanced IV. Lack of Human Power. Large IT firms offerings. Low cost and almost no investment.
No initial hosting space for testing. Can hire specialist on demand. Greater fluctuations in project costs. Less bureaucratic procedures.
Domain frauds. Direct supervision of client. Price hike of components required. Open for any strategy change.
Restrictions given by University that will limit data access. The project manager must define and understand the nature of the priorities of the project. The project must meet the completion date, specifications and scope of the project or budget.
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